4 wheel drive hybrid vehicles
Raslavičius, Laurencas & Keršys, Artūras & Makaras, Rolandas, 2017." Understanding the fuel savings potential from deploying hybrid cars in China,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Saxena, Samveg & Phadke, Amol & Gopal, Anand, 2014." Rule-interposing deep reinforcement learning based energy management strategy for power-split hybrid electric vehicle," Lian, Renzong & Peng, Jiankun & Wu, Yuankai & Tan, Huachun & Zhang, Hailong, 2020." Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. Jiang, Hongliang & Xu, Liangfei & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019." Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle based model predictive control of energy management for a plug-in hybrid electric bus,"Īpplied Energy, Elsevier, vol. Xie, Shaobo & Hu, Xiaosong & Xin, Zongke & Brighton, James, 2019." Fuel economy optimization of power split hybrid vehicles: A rapid dynamic programming approach,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. Yang, Yalian & Pei, Huanxin & Hu, Xiaosong & Liu, Yonggang & Hou, Cong & Cao, Dongpu, 2019." Optimal sizing and adaptive energy management of a novel four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain," Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2019." Deep reinforcement learning based energy management for a hybrid electric vehicle," Du, Guodong & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Liu, Teng & Wu, Jinlong & He, Dingbo, 2020." Real-time optimal energy management strategy for a dual-mode power-split hybrid electric vehicle based on an explicit model predictive control algorithm,"Įnergy, Elsevier, vol. Li, Xunming & Han, Lijin & Liu, Hui & Wang, Weida & Xiang, Changle, 2019.In addition, the series-parallel configuration has great comprehensive potential.
![4 wheel drive hybrid vehicles 4 wheel drive hybrid vehicles](https://mcarsstatic.cachefly.net/img/section/ev-landing/Mitsubishi-Electric-Car-And-Hybrid-Vehicles-Hero-m.jpg)
The results show that the power-split one adopting three motor/generators (MGs) shows superior fuel economy and acceleration performance than others, while the proposed multi-mode configuration maintains a competing performance with less MGs. Moreover, this comparative study takes into consideration the cost, control complexity and off-road performance. By combining multiple modes, the proposed configuration achieves better fuel-saving and acceleration performance than initial configuration. According to detailed energy analysis, a novel multi-mode configuration is proposed by adding clutches between planetary gear nodes of compound-split configuration. The pareto-front optimal design of each configuration is derived. To make a fair comparison of fuel economy and acceleration performance, an integrated hierarchical optimization framework is presented, which solves the parameters sizing and energy management problem simultaneously. This paper reviews and conducts a comparative study of four 4WD hybrid configuration types: series, series-parallel, power-split and compound-split configurations.
![4 wheel drive hybrid vehicles 4 wheel drive hybrid vehicles](https://www.carhelpcanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IMG_20200728_115648-1024x701.jpg)
The stringent fuel economy and emission standards enforce sport sedan and sport utility vehicle employ four-wheel-drive (4WD) hybrid powertrain to achieve better fuel economy and acceleration performance simultaneously.